There is an old legend that Lake Superior’s icy temperature stays cold even in the summer because of all the souls who perished in its waters. While several factors determine the Lake’s temperature, the legend is believed by many because of several famous Lake Superior Shipwrecks like the Edmund Fitzgerald. Ever heard of them? Learn about some of the most well-known shipwrecks below before visiting the coastline yourself.
There are over 6,000 shipwrecks in the Great Lakes, having caused an estimated loss of 30,000 mariners’ lives. It is estimated that there are about 550 wrecks in Lake Superior, many of which are still undiscovered. According to the Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum, over 350 of those shipwrecks have been found so far. At least 200 lie along Lake Superior’s Shipwreck Coast, a treacherous 80-Mile stretch of shoreline with no safe harbor between Munising and Whitefish Point. A visit to the graveyard of the Great Lakes promises haunting reminders of the lake’s fury and the lives perished in the aftermath.
Looking for the shipwrecks? The Michigan Department of Natural Resources launched this useful tool for identifying all Great Lakes shipwreck locations, including those in Lake Superior. Check it out!
The famous Edmund Fitzgerald lies just 15 miles northwest of Whitefish Point. Perhaps the most famous Lake Superior shipwreck, has been immortalized in legend and folk song thanks to Gordon Lightfoot.
November is referred to as "The Month of Storms" on the Great Lakes. The 1975 storm that hit when the Fitzgerald went down was one of the biggest — and the worst — that Captain McSorley said he had ever seen. Winds as fast as 45 knots were reported, with waves as high as 30 feet. Both water pumps on the Edmund Fitzgerald were damaged, and the lifeboats were destroyed by the force of the strong storm.
While it is often portrayed that ships were happy to return to the water in search of Fitzgerald that night, they were not. Though they were eager to help their friends, it was a hard decision to make. Crews had to make a choice to risk their lives in hopes of saving others, or staying sheltered by the safety of Whitefish Point. While no one knows for sure the exact cause of the Edmund Fitzgerald's demise, it is certain the storm was a major factor. Waves high enough to sweep across the deck — making it too dangerous to stand there — meant the Edmund Fitzgerald was taking on water early in the day on November 10. Whatever the cause of the wreck itself, the storm that day will never be forgotten by Great Lakes sailors. Today, you can see the recovered, 200-pound bronze bell from the ship at the Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum.
The SS M.M. Drake was a wooden steam barge that towed consorts loaded with coal and iron ore on the Great Lakes. She came to the rescue of the crews of at least four foundering vessels in her nine-year career only to meet the same fate in her final rescue attempt. Drake sank in 1882 off Vermilion Point after a rescue attempt of her consort Michigan. Her rudder, anchor and windlass were illegally removed from her wreck site in the 1980s. They are now the property of the State of Michigan. The rudder is on display as a loan to the Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum, and the anchor and windlass are on loan for display to Whitefish Township Community Center. The wreck of Drake is protected as part of an underwater museum in the Whitefish Point Underwater Preserve.
The SS Western Reserve was a propeller that was lost on August 30, 1892, off Deer Park. The ship was 301 feet long, had a beam of 41 feet and was one of the first lake freighters made out of steel plate.
Out of the 27 people on board, only one man survived. Wheelsman Harry Stewart managed to make land on a desolate stretch of shoreline between Grand Marais and Deer Park. At the time of the incident, the ship was heading to Two Harbors, Minnesota, for a load of iron ore. During a relatively mild gale, she broke in two and sank. Steward’s report on the ship’s metal fatigue led to the conclusion that the Western Reserve had been improperly built using brittle steel contaminated with phosphorus and sulfur. Her loss due to hull failure caused a great deal of controversy and ultimately led to the creation of new laws for the testing of steel used in shipbuilding.
The owner of the ship, the famous financier Peter Minch, was onboard the ship with his family when it went down. Strangely, Captain Truedell of the Great Lakes Life-Saving Service, dreamed about the accident in great detail before it happened. As a matter of fact, he dreamed it in such detail, that he recognized the body of Peter Minch when he found it washed up on shore. The ship is said to make ghostly apparitions around Deer Park, where Lake Superior produces gigantic waves in all seasons of the year. It is said that on warm, calm nights, the sounds of voices and laughter can be heard across the gentle waves.
Around 7:45 p.m. on October 11, 1907, in darkness and rolling seas, the Cyprus suddenly rolled to port, turned turtle and started sinking. Four men, a wheelsman, a watchman, the first mate and her second mate Charles Pitz, managed to board the ship’s emergency life raft originally located behind the pilothouse. For the next six hours, the men hung on. In frigid, violent seas, they began to encounter breaking waves near the shore.
The raft turned over and over four to five times, and all managed to get back aboard. Finally, close to the beach, the raft turned once more, but this time, only one of the frozen, exhausted men stayed with the raft. Charlie Pitz wasn’t able to climb back on, but he had tied himself to the raft, and held on until he reached shallow water, stumbling literally half-dead to a spot where he collapsed unconscious on the beach. Pitz would have died of exhaustion and hypothermia in a very short time – but he had landed just half a mile east of the Deer Park Life-Saving Station.
Here is an excerpt from the Deer Park Station’s Wreck Report for that day:
State of wind and weather: North / high / raining
State of tide and sea: No tide, sea high
Time of discovery of wreck: 2 a.m.
By whom discovered: Surfman Ocha
Time of arrival of station crew at wreck: 2:30 a.m.
Twenty-two men were not as fortunate as Pitz; their bodies washed ashore over the next couple days. Pitz revived over several hours and assisted in identifying his fellow crew. All had life jackets bearing the name Cyprus, and all but two were eventually found east of the Deer Park Life-Saving Station.
The story of the Cyprus is just beginning to be told. Her story first ran in the Winter 1999 issue of Shipwreck Journal, followed by another story written by Pitz’s great-niece, Capt. Ann Sanborn of the U.S. Maritime Service, also known as the merchant marine. Capt. Sanborn is an admiral attorney, master mariner and associate professor at the United States Merchant Marine Academy in Kings Point, New York. She has been notified of the discovery and plans to visit the Shipwreck Museum very soon. She, as well as Great Lakes author Fred Stonehouse, have compiled much information on the Cyprus.
Charlie Pitz went back to sailing immediately and did not openly discuss the loss. He did not list the Cyprus on his sea service resume provided to Great Lakes Shipwreck Historical Society by Capt. Sanborn. What caused the sinking of the Cyprus? At the time, mariners were suspicious of the new type of Mulholland sliding hatch covers – but Capt. Sanborn explains that building of the Cyprus was interrupted by a serious labor riot in Lorain, Ohio, that could have led to basic construction flaws in the vessel.
The SS D.M. Clemson was a 468-foot-long, steel-hulled Great Lakes freighter that went missing on December 1, 1908, on Lake Superior. The ship was last seen coming through the Soo Locks onto Lake Superior. The ship was built in 1903 for the Provident Steamship Company. The wreck of D.M. Clemson is still missing, and the cause of her sinking remains a mystery to this day as there were no survivors to share the story of the ship. However, for weeks, debris and some bodies from the 24 crew members washed ashore from the ill-fated ship between Crisp Point and Grand Marais. One of the bodies found was the body of the Clemson's watchman, Simon Dunn of Dublin, Ireland, which washed ashore at Crisp Point. Dunn was wearing a life jacket with D.M. Clemson written on it. Later, pieces of the ship's cabin, 23 of the ship's wooden hatch covers and at least three more bodies were seen floating further west. Only one other body was recovered, and was identified as second mate Charles Woods of Marine City, Michigan.
Photo Credit: Upper Peninsula Travel & Recreation Association
Plan your trip today to the museum and coastline, where you can see artifacts and historical accounts from these shipwrecks and more.
While you can tour the Shipwreck Museum’s various buildings across its campus, you can also take multiple glass bottom shipwreck tours from different cities along Lake Superior’s coast.
